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Preliminary steps

Get a machine to deploy nix-bitcoin on. This could be a VirtualBox, a machine that is already running NixOS or a cloud provider. Have a look at the options in the NixOps manual.

Tutorials

Install and configure NixOS for nix-bitcoin on VirtualBox
Install and configure NixOS for nix-bitcoin on VirtualBox (macOS host)
Install and configure NixOS for nix-bitcoin on your own hardware

Tutorial: install and configure NixOS for nix-bitcoin on VirtualBox

1. VirtualBox installation

The following steps are meant to be run on the machine you deploy from, not the machine you deploy to.

Add virtualbox.list to /etc/apt/sources.list.d (Debian 9 stretch)

echo "deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian stretch contrib" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/virtualbox.list

Add Oracle VirtualBox public key

wget https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox_2016.asc
gpg2 oracle_vbox_2016.asc

Proceed only if fingerprint reads B9F8 D658 297A F3EF C18D 5CDF A2F6 83C5 2980 AECF

sudo apt-key add oracle_vbox_2016.asc

Install virtualbox-5.2

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install virtualbox-5.2

Create Host Adapter in VirtualBox
```
vboxmanage hostonlyif create
```

2. Nix installation

The following steps are meant to be run on the machine you deploy from, not the machine you deploy to. You can also build Nix from source by following the instructions at https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#ch-installing-source.

Install Dependencies (Debian 9 stretch)

sudo apt-get install curl git gnupg2 dirmngr

Install latest Nix in "multi-user mode" with GPG Verification

curl -o install-nix https://nixos.org/nix/install
curl -o install-nix.sig https://nixos.org/nix/install.sig
gpg2 --recv-keys B541D55301270E0BCF15CA5D8170B4726D7198DE
gpg2 --verify ./install-nix.sig
sh ./install-nix --daemon

Then follow the instructions. Open a new terminal window when you're done.

If you get an error similar to

error: cloning builder process: Operation not permitted
error: unable to start build process
/tmp/nix-binary-tarball-unpack.hqawN4uSPr/unpack/nix-2.2.1-x86_64-linux/install: unable to install Nix into your default profile

you're likely not installing as multi-user because you forgot to pass the --daemon flag to the install script.

Optional: Disallow substitutes

You can put substitute = false to your nix.conf usually found in /etc/nix/ to build the packages from source. This eliminates an attack vector where nix's build server or binary cache is compromised.

3. Nixops deployment

Clone this project

cd
git clone https://github.com/fort-nix/nix-bitcoin
cd ~/nix-bitcoin

Setup environment
```
nix-shell
```
This will set up your nix-bitcoin environment and might take a while without giving an output.

Create nixops deployment in nix-shell.

nixops create network/network.nix network/network-vbox.nix -d bitcoin-node

Adjust configuration by opening configuration.nix and removing FIXMEs. Enable/disable the modules you want in configuration.nix.
Deploy Nixops in nix-shell
```
nixops deploy -d bitcoin-node
```
This will now create a nix-bitcoin node on the target machine.
Nixops automatically creates an ssh key for use with nixops ssh. Access bitcoin-node through ssh in nix-shell with
```
nixops ssh operator@bitcoin-node
```

See usage.md for usage instructions, such as how to update.

To resize the VM disk image, you can use this helper script from within nix-shell:

./helper/vbox-resize-disk1.sh --help

Tutorial: install and configure NixOS for nix-bitcoin on VirtualBox (macOS host)

1. VirtualBox installation (macOS)

The following steps are meant to be run on the machine you deploy from, not the machine you deploy to.

Download and install VirtualBox Use the official Downloads page: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads

Make sure that the installer you download shows a lock icon in the top right corner to make sure it is signed by Oracle.
Create Host Adapter in VirtualBox
```
vboxmanage hostonlyif create
```

2. Nix installation (macOS)

Follow the instructions from Nix installation on debian. You will may need to replace gpg2 with gpg.

3. LinuxKit Nix installation

In order to build binaries for your linux (NixOS) virtual machine on a macOS host machine, you need to use linuxkit-nix. It uses hyperkit to spin up a separate VM on which it builds binaries. An alternative solution is nix-docker-build-slave.

Installation

nix-env -i /nix/store/jgq3savsyyrpsxvjlrz41nx09z7r0lch-linuxkit-builder
nix-linuxkit-configure

You may want to use nix-linuxkit-configure -c 4 to give the builder 4 CPUs.

Confirm that nix-linuxkit works
```
nix-build ~/.cache/nix-linuxkit-builder/example.nix
```
As the installer says, run a nix-build to make sure that you are able to build linux binaries. The example.nix is specifically configured to force a x86_64-linux build. Remove the generated result folder afterwards.

4. Nixops deployment (macOS)

Follow the instructions from Nixops deployment on debian. Add --option system x86_64-linux to the nixops deploy command in step 5 to force your system to use linuxkit-nix.

Tutorial: install and configure NixOS for nix-bitcoin on your own hardware

0. Preparation

Optional: Make sure you have the latest firmware for your system (BIOS, microcode updates).
Optional: Disable Simultaneous Multi-Threading (SMT) in the BIOS

Researchers recommend disabling (SMT), also known as Hyper-Threading Technology in the Intel® world to significantly reduce the impact of speculative execution-based attacks (https://mdsattacks.com/).

1. NixOS installation

This is borrowed from the NixOS manual. Look there for more information.

Obtain latest NixOS. For example:
```
wget https://releases.nixos.org/nixos/19.03/nixos-19.03.172538.7bb74e65365/nixos-minimal-19.03.172538.7bb74e65365-x86_64-linux.iso
```
Alternatively you can build NixOS from source by following the instructions at https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/index.html#sec-building-cd.
Write NixOS iso to install media (USB/CD). For example:
```
dd if=nixos-minimal-19.03.172538.7bb74e65365-x86_64-linux.iso of=/dev/sdX
```
Replace /dev/sdX with the correct device name. You can find this using sudo fdisk -l
Boot the system

You will have to find out if your hardware uses UEFI or Legacy Boot for the next step.

Option 1: Partition and format for UEFI

parted /dev/sda -- mklabel gpt
parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary 512MiB -8GiB
parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary linux-swap -8GiB 100%
parted /dev/sda -- mkpart ESP fat32 1MiB 512MiB
parted /dev/sda -- set 3 boot on
mkfs.ext4 -L nixos /dev/sda1
mkswap -L swap /dev/sda2
mkfs.fat -F 32 -n boot /dev/sda3
mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt
mkdir -p /mnt/boot
mount /dev/disk/by-label/boot /mnt/boot
swapon /dev/sda2

Option 2: Partition and format for Legacy Boot (MBR)

parted /dev/sda -- mklabel msdos
parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary 1MiB -8GiB
parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary linux-swap -8GiB 100%
mkfs.ext4 -L nixos /dev/sda1
mkswap -L swap /dev/sda2
mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt
swapon /dev/sda2

Option 3: Set up encrypted partitions:

Follow the guide at https://gist.github.com/martijnvermaat/76f2e24d0239470dd71050358b4d5134.

Generate NixOS config

nixos-generate-config --root /mnt
nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix

Option 1: Edit NixOS configuration for UEFI

{ config, pkgs, ... }: {
  imports = [
    # Include the results of the hardware scan.
    ./hardware-configuration.nix
  ];

  boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable = true;

  # Note: setting fileSystems is generally not
  # necessary, since nixos-generate-config figures them out
  # automatically in hardware-configuration.nix.
  #fileSystems."/".device = "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos";

  # Enable the OpenSSH server.
  services.openssh = {
    enable = true;
    permitRootLogin = "yes";
  };
}

Option 2: Edit NixOS configuration for Legacy Boot (MBR)

{ config, pkgs, ... }: {
  imports = [
    # Include the results of the hardware scan.
    ./hardware-configuration.nix
  ];

  boot.loader.grub.device = "/dev/sda"; 

  # Note: setting fileSystems is generally not
  # necessary, since nixos-generate-config figures them out
  # automatically in hardware-configuration.nix.
  #fileSystems."/".device = "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos";

  # Enable the OpenSSH server.
  services.openssh = {
    enable = true;
    permitRootLogin = "yes";
  };
}

Do the installation

nixos-install

Set root password

setting root password...
Enter new UNIX password: 
Retype new UNIX password:

If everything went well
```
reboot
```

2. nix-bitcoin installation

On the machine you are deploying from: You can also build Nix from source by following the instructions at https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#ch-installing-source.