.cargo/config

@@ -1,10 +1,2 @@
-[unstable]
-build-std = ["core", "compiler_builtins"]
-build-std-features = ["compiler-builtins-mem"]
-
 [build]
-target = "x86_64_target.json"
+target = "os.json"
-
-# Facilitates running tests with qemu
-[target.'cfg(target_os = "none")']
-runner = "bootimage runner"

Cargo.lock

@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
-# It is not intended for manual editing.
-version = 3
-
-[[package]]
-name = "bit_field"
-version = "0.10.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dcb6dd1c2376d2e096796e234a70e17e94cc2d5d54ff8ce42b28cef1d0d359a4"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "bitflags"
-version = "1.3.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bef38d45163c2f1dde094a7dfd33ccf595c92905c8f8f4fdc18d06fb1037718a"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "bootloader"
-version = "0.9.21"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a62c8f6168cd106687ee36a2b71a46c4144d73399f72814104d33094b8092fd2"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "lazy_static"
-version = "1.4.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e2abad23fbc42b3700f2f279844dc832adb2b2eb069b2df918f455c4e18cc646"
-dependencies = [
- "spin 0.5.2",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "lock_api"
-version = "0.4.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "88943dd7ef4a2e5a4bfa2753aaab3013e34ce2533d1996fb18ef591e315e2b3b"
-dependencies = [
- "scopeguard",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "rustos"
-version = "0.1.0"
-dependencies = [
- "bootloader",
- "lazy_static",
- "spin 0.9.2",
- "uart_16550",
- "x86_64",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "scopeguard"
-version = "1.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d29ab0c6d3fc0ee92fe66e2d99f700eab17a8d57d1c1d3b748380fb20baa78cd"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "spin"
-version = "0.5.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6e63cff320ae2c57904679ba7cb63280a3dc4613885beafb148ee7bf9aa9042d"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "spin"
-version = "0.9.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "511254be0c5bcf062b019a6c89c01a664aa359ded62f78aa72c6fc137c0590e5"
-dependencies = [
- "lock_api",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "uart_16550"
-version = "0.2.16"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "af81448a9a53c7b0f66198381f80912fd18f2c8965f9da4319e6f92e740bca5b"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
- "x86_64",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "volatile"
-version = "0.4.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e4c2dbd44eb8b53973357e6e207e370f0c1059990df850aca1eca8947cf464f0"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "x86_64"
-version = "0.14.8"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "958ab3202b01bc43ba2eb832102c4a487ed93151667a2289062e5f2b00058be2"
-dependencies = [
- "bit_field",
- "bitflags",
- "volatile",
-]

Cargo.toml

@@ -2,22 +2,17 @@
 name = "rustos"
 version = "0.1.0"
 authors = ["greg <greg.shuflin@protonmail.com>"]
-edition = "2021"
+edition = "2018"
 
 [dependencies]
-#bootloader = "0.10.12"
+bootloader = { version = "0.6.4", features = ["map_physical_memory"] }
-bootloader = "0.9.8"
+volatile = "0.2.6"
-spin = "0.9.2"
+spin = "0.5.0"
-x86_64 = "0.14.8"
+x86_64 = "0.7.2"
-uart_16550 = "0.2.16"
+pic8259_simple = "0.1.1"
+pc-keyboard = "0.5.0"
 
 [dependencies.lazy_static]
-version = "1.4.0"
+version = "1.3.0"
 features = ["spin_no_std"]
 
-
-[package.metadata.bootimage]
-test-args = ["-device", "isa-debug-exit,iobase=0xf4,iosize=0x04", "-serial", "stdio",
-            "-display", "none"]
-test-success-exit-code = 33 # (0x10 << 1) | 1
-test-timeout = 10 # timeout in seconds

justfile

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-default:
-    just --list
-
-run_os:
-    cargo bootimage
-    qemu-system-x86_64 -drive format=raw,file=target/x86_64_target/debug/bootimage-rustos.bin
-

run.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+cargo bootimage
+qemu-system-x86_64 -drive format=raw,file=target/os/debug/bootimage-rustos.bin
+

src/gdt.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
-use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-use x86_64::structures::gdt::{Descriptor, GlobalDescriptorTable, SegmentSelector};
-use x86_64::structures::tss::TaskStateSegment;
 use x86_64::VirtAddr;
+use x86_64::structures::tss::TaskStateSegment;
+use x86_64::structures::gdt::{GlobalDescriptorTable, Descriptor, SegmentSelector};
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 
+//double fault interrupt stack table
 pub const DOUBLE_FAULT_IST_INDEX: u16 = 0;
 
 lazy_static! {
   static ref TSS: TaskStateSegment = {
     let mut tss = TaskStateSegment::new();
     tss.interrupt_stack_table[DOUBLE_FAULT_IST_INDEX as usize] = {
-            const STACK_SIZE: usize = 4096 * 5;
+      const STACK_SIZE: usize = 4096; //4k stack
+
+      //this static mut is temporarily the stack until proper allocation can be implemented
       static mut STACK: [u8; STACK_SIZE] = [0; STACK_SIZE];
       let stack_start = VirtAddr::from_ptr(unsafe { &STACK });
       let stack_end = stack_start + STACK_SIZE;
@@ -19,15 +22,26 @@ lazy_static! {
   };
 }
 
+struct Selectors {
+  code_selector: SegmentSelector,
+  data_selector: SegmentSelector,
+}
+
 lazy_static! {
-    static ref GDT: GlobalDescriptorTable = {
+  static ref GDT: (GlobalDescriptorTable, Selectors) = {
     let mut gdt = GlobalDescriptorTable::new();
-        gdt.add_entry(Descriptor::kernel_code_segment());
+    let code_selector = gdt.add_entry(Descriptor::kernel_code_segment());
-        gdt.add_entry(Descriptor::tss_segment(&TSS));
+    let data_selector = gdt.add_entry(Descriptor::tss_segment(&TSS));
-        gdt
+    (gdt, Selectors { code_selector, data_selector })
   };
 }
 
 pub fn init() {
-    GDT.load();
+  use x86_64::instructions::segmentation::set_cs;
+  use x86_64::instructions::tables::load_tss;
+  GDT.0.load();
+  unsafe {
+    set_cs(GDT.1.code_selector);
+    load_tss(GDT.1.data_selector);
+  }
 }

src/interrupts.rs

@@ -1,26 +1,98 @@
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-use x86_64::structures::idt::{InterruptDescriptorTable, InterruptStackFrame};
+use x86_64::structures::idt::{InterruptStackFrame, InterruptDescriptorTable};
+use crate::println;
+use pic8259_simple::ChainedPics;
+use spin;
+use crate::gdt;
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum InterruptIndex {
+  Timer = PIC_1_OFFSET,
+  Keyboard,
+}
+
+impl InterruptIndex {
+  fn as_u8(self) -> u8 {
+    self as u8
+  }
+  fn as_usize(self) -> usize {
+    usize::from(self as u8)
+  }
+}
+
+
+const PIC_1_OFFSET: u8 = 32;
+const PIC_2_OFFSET: u8 = PIC_1_OFFSET + 8;
+static PICS: spin::Mutex<ChainedPics> =
+    spin::Mutex::new(unsafe { ChainedPics::new(PIC_1_OFFSET, PIC_2_OFFSET) });
 
 lazy_static! {
   static ref IDT: InterruptDescriptorTable = {
     let mut idt = InterruptDescriptorTable::new();
     idt.breakpoint.set_handler_fn(breakpoint_handler);
-        idt.double_fault.set_handler_fn(double_fault_handler);
+    unsafe {
+    idt.double_fault.set_handler_fn(double_fault_handler)
+      .set_stack_index(gdt::DOUBLE_FAULT_IST_INDEX);
+    }
+    idt[InterruptIndex::Timer.as_usize()]
+      .set_handler_fn(timer_interrupt_handler);
+    idt[InterruptIndex::Keyboard.as_usize()]
+      .set_handler_fn(keyboard_interrupt_handler);
     idt
   };
 }
+
 pub fn init_idt() {
   IDT.load();
 }
 
-extern "x86-interrupt" fn breakpoint_handler(stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame) {
+pub fn initalize_pics() {
-    println!("EXCEPTION: Breakpoint\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
+  unsafe {
+    PICS.lock().initialize();
+  }
+  x86_64::instructions::interrupts::enable();
 }
 
-// The error code of the double-fault handler is always 0
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn breakpoint_handler(stack_frame: &mut InterruptStackFrame) {
-extern "x86-interrupt" fn double_fault_handler(
+
-    stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame,
+  println!("EXCEPTION - BREAKPOINT\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
-    _error_code: u64,
+}
-) -> ! {
+
-    panic!("Exception: Double fault\n{:#?}", stack_frame)
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn double_fault_handler(stack_frame: &mut InterruptStackFrame, code: u64) {
+  panic!("EXCEPTION - DOUBLE FAULT (code {})\n{:#?}", code, stack_frame);
+}
+
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn timer_interrupt_handler(_stack_frame: &mut InterruptStackFrame) {
+  print!(".");
+  unsafe {
+    PICS.lock().notify_end_of_interrupt(InterruptIndex::Timer.as_u8())
+  }
+}
+
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn keyboard_interrupt_handler(_stack_frame: &mut InterruptStackFrame) {
+  use x86_64::instructions::port::Port;
+  use pc_keyboard::{Keyboard, ScancodeSet1, DecodedKey, HandleControl, layouts};
+  use spin::Mutex;
+
+  lazy_static! {
+    static ref KEYBOARD: Mutex<Keyboard<layouts::Us104Key, ScancodeSet1>> =
+      Mutex::new(Keyboard::new(layouts::Us104Key, ScancodeSet1, HandleControl::Ignore));
+  }
+
+  let mut keyboard = KEYBOARD.lock();
+  let mut port = Port::new(0x60);
+  let scancode: u8 = unsafe { port.read() };
+
+  if let Ok(Some(key_event)) = keyboard.add_byte(scancode) {
+    if let Some(key) = keyboard.process_keyevent(key_event) {
+      match key {
+	DecodedKey::Unicode(character) => print!("{}", character),
+	DecodedKey::RawKey(key) => print!("{:?}", key),
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  unsafe {
+    PICS.lock().notify_end_of_interrupt(InterruptIndex::Keyboard.as_u8())
+  }
 }

src/main.rs

@@ -1,51 +1,41 @@
-#![feature(abi_x86_interrupt)]
+#![feature(abi_x86_interrupt, asm)]
 #![no_std]
 #![no_main]
-#![feature(custom_test_frameworks)]
-#![test_runner(crate::test_utils::test_runner)]
-#![reexport_test_harness_main = "test_main"]
 
 #[macro_use]
 mod vga_buffer;
-#[macro_use]
-mod serial;
-mod gdt;
 mod interrupts;
-mod test_utils;
+mod gdt;
+
+use core::panic::PanicInfo;
 
-#[cfg(not(test))]
 #[panic_handler]
-fn panic(info: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
+fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    println!("{info}");
+  println!("{}", info);
-    loop {}
+  halt_loop();
+}
+
+pub fn init() {
+  interrupts::initalize_pics();
+  gdt::init();
+  interrupts::init_idt();
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "C" fn _start() -> ! {
-    #[cfg(test)]
-    test_main();
-
-    println!("Gamarjoba, munde!");
   init();
 
-    // Deliberate breakpoint exception
-    x86_64::instructions::interrupts::int3();
 
-    println!("We're here now");
+
-    loop {}
+  for i in 1..10 {
+    println!("Gamarjoba, munde: {}", i);
+  }
+  halt_loop();
 }
 
-#[test_case]
+pub fn halt_loop() -> ! {
-fn basic_test() {
+  loop {
-    assert_eq!(5, 5);
+    x86_64::instructions::hlt();
+  }
 }
 
-#[test_case]
-fn basic_test2() {
-    assert_eq!(4, 4);
-}
-
-pub fn init() {
-    gdt::init();
-    interrupts::init_idt();
-}

src/serial.rs

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-use spin::Mutex;
-use uart_16550::SerialPort;
-
-lazy_static! {
-    pub static ref SERIAL1: Mutex<SerialPort> = {
-        let mut serial_port = unsafe { SerialPort::new(0x3f8) }; // 0x3f8 is standard address of 1st serial port
-        serial_port.init();
-        Mutex::new(serial_port)
-    };
-}
-
-#[doc(hidden)]
-pub fn _print(args: ::core::fmt::Arguments) {
-    use core::fmt::Write;
-    SERIAL1.lock().write_fmt(args).expect("Serial print failed");
-}
-
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! serial_print {
-    ($($arg:tt)*) => {
-        $crate::serial::_print(format_args!($($arg)*));
-    };
-}
-
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! serial_println {
-    () => ($crate::serial_print!("\n"));
-    ($fmt:expr) => ($crate::serial_print!(concat!($fmt, "\n")));
-    ($fmt:expr, $($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::serial_print!(
-            concat!($fmt, "\n"), $($arg)*));
-}

src/test_utils.rs

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-#![cfg(test)]
-
-use core::panic::PanicInfo;
-
-#[panic_handler]
-fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    serial_println!("[failed]\n");
-    serial_println!("Error: {}", info);
-    exit_qemu(QemuExitCode::Failed);
-    loop {}
-}
-
-/// This function is hooked up to the #![test_runner] attribute made possible by the
-/// https://doc.rust-lang.org/unstable-book/language-features/custom-test-frameworks.html unstable
-/// feature. cf. https://os.phil-opp.com/testing/
-pub fn test_runner(tests: &[&dyn TestFunction]) {
-    serial_println!("Running {} test(s)", tests.len());
-    for test in tests {
-        test.run();
-    }
-
-    exit_qemu(QemuExitCode::Success);
-}
-
-pub trait TestFunction {
-    fn run(&self) -> ();
-}
-
-impl<T> TestFunction for T
-where
-    T: Fn(),
-{
-    fn run(&self) {
-        serial_print!("{}...\t", core::any::type_name::<T>());
-        self();
-        serial_println!("[ok]");
-    }
-}
-
-/// Exits qemu by writing to a special qemu emulated port.
-pub fn exit_qemu(exit_code: QemuExitCode) {
-    use x86_64::instructions::port::Port;
-    unsafe {
-        let mut port = Port::new(0xf4); // isa-debug-exit port, see Cargo.toml
-        port.write(exit_code as u32);
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[repr(u32)]
-pub enum QemuExitCode {
-    Success = 0x10,
-    Failed = 0x11,
-}

src/vga_buffer.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+use volatile::Volatile;
 use core::fmt;
-use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use spin::Mutex;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+
 
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! print {
@@ -16,13 +18,10 @@ macro_rules! println {
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub fn _print(args: fmt::Arguments) {
     use core::fmt::Write;
-    WRITER.lock().write_fmt(args).unwrap();
-    /*
     use x86_64::instructions::interrupts;
     interrupts::without_interrupts(|| {
       WRITER.lock().write_fmt(args).unwrap();
     });
-    */
 }
 
 #[allow(dead_code)]
@@ -49,10 +48,10 @@ pub enum Color {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(transparent)]
-pub struct ColorCode(u8);
+struct ColorCode(u8);
 
 impl ColorCode {
-    pub fn new(foreground: Color, background: Color) -> ColorCode {
+  fn new(foreground: Color, background: Color) -> ColorCode {
     ColorCode((background as u8) << 4 | (foreground as u8))
   }
 }
@@ -68,8 +67,8 @@ const BUFFER_WIDTH: usize = 80;
 const BUFFER_HEIGHT: usize = 25;
 
 #[repr(transparent)]
-pub struct Buffer {
+struct Buffer {
-    chars: [[ScreenChar; BUFFER_WIDTH]; BUFFER_HEIGHT],
+  chars: [[Volatile<ScreenChar>; BUFFER_WIDTH]; BUFFER_HEIGHT],
 }
 
 pub struct Writer {
@@ -79,18 +78,11 @@ pub struct Writer {
 }
 
 impl Writer {
-    pub fn new(color_code: ColorCode) -> Self {
-        Writer {
-            column_position: 0,
-            color_code,
-            buffer: unsafe { &mut *(0xb8000 as *mut Buffer) },
-        }
-    }
   pub fn write_string(&mut self, s: &str) {
     for byte in s.bytes() {
       match byte {
         0x20..=0x7e | b'\n' => self.write_byte(byte),
-                _ => self.write_byte(0xfe), // 0xfe is the character ■
+        _ => self.write_byte(0xfe), // a ■
       }
     }
   }
@@ -105,17 +97,9 @@ impl Writer {
         let row = BUFFER_HEIGHT - 1;
         let col = self.column_position;
         let color_code = self.color_code;
-
+        self.buffer.chars[row][col].write(ScreenChar {
-                let ptr = &mut self.buffer.chars[row][col] as *mut ScreenChar;
+          ascii_char: byte, color_code,
-                let screenchar = ScreenChar {
+        });
-                    ascii_char: byte,
-                    color_code,
-                };
-
-                unsafe {
-                    core::ptr::write_volatile(ptr, screenchar);
-                }
-
         self.column_position += 1;
       }
     }
@@ -124,14 +108,8 @@ impl Writer {
   fn new_line(&mut self) {
     for row in 1..BUFFER_HEIGHT {
       for col in 0..BUFFER_WIDTH {
-                let character = unsafe {
+        let character = self.buffer.chars[row][col].read();
-                    core::ptr::read_volatile(&self.buffer.chars[row][col] as *const ScreenChar)
+        self.buffer.chars[row - 1][col].write(character);
-                };
-
-                let ptr = &mut self.buffer.chars[row - 1][col] as *mut ScreenChar;
-                unsafe {
-                    core::ptr::write_volatile(ptr, character);
-                }
       }
     }
     self.clear_row(BUFFER_HEIGHT - 1);
@@ -144,10 +122,7 @@ impl Writer {
       color_code: self.color_code,
     };
     for col in 0..BUFFER_WIDTH {
-            let ptr = &mut self.buffer.chars[row][col] as *mut ScreenChar;
+      self.buffer.chars[row][col].write(blank);
-            unsafe {
-                core::ptr::write_volatile(ptr, blank);
-            }
     }
   }
 }
@@ -159,31 +134,11 @@ impl fmt::Write for Writer {
   }
 }
 
+
 lazy_static! {
-    pub static ref WRITER: Mutex<Writer> =
+  pub static ref WRITER: Mutex<Writer> = Mutex::new(Writer {
-        Mutex::new(Writer::new(ColorCode::new(Color::Yellow, Color::Black)));
+    column_position: 0, color_code: ColorCode::new(Color::Yellow, Color::Black),
+    buffer: unsafe { &mut *(0xb8000 as *mut Buffer) },
+  });
 }
 
-#[test_case]
-fn test_println_simple() {
-    println!("Does this work?");
-}
-
-#[test_case]
-fn test_println_many() {
-    for _ in 0..200 {
-        println!("Test many output");
-    }
-}
-
-#[test_case]
-fn test_println_output() {
-    let s = "Test string that fits on a single line";
-    println!("{}", s);
-    for (i, c) in s.chars().enumerate() {
-        let screen_char_ptr =
-            &WRITER.lock().buffer.chars[BUFFER_HEIGHT - 2][i] as *const ScreenChar;
-        let screen_char = unsafe { core::ptr::read_volatile(screen_char_ptr) };
-        assert_eq!(char::from(screen_char.ascii_char), c);
-    }
-}