diff --git a/load-secrets.nix b/load-secrets.nix
deleted file mode 100644
index 8fe236f..0000000
--- a/load-secrets.nix
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-if builtins.pathExists ./secrets/secrets.nix then import ./secrets/secrets.nix else {
-  prophet-openvpn-config = "";
-  prophet-guest-openvpn-config = "";
-  centrallake-openvpn-config = "";
-  bower-openvpn-config = "";
-  unifi_password_ro = "";
-  alertmanager_smtp_pw = "";
-  alertmanager_pushover_user = "";
-  alertmanager_pushover_token = "";
-  mpd_pw = "";
-  mpd_icecast_pw = "";
-  github_token = "";
-}
diff --git a/modules/bitcoind.nix b/modules/bitcoind.nix
index ad199e6..8e30664 100644
--- a/modules/bitcoind.nix
+++ b/modules/bitcoind.nix
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ let
     ${cfg.extraConfig}
   '';
   cmdlineOptions = concatMapStringsSep " " (arg: "'${arg}'") [
-    "-conf=${configFile}"
     "-datadir=${cfg.dataDir}"
     "-pid=${pidFile}"
   ];
@@ -179,14 +178,16 @@ in {
     environment.systemPackages = [ cfg.package ];
     systemd.services.bitcoind = {
       description = "Bitcoin daemon";
-      after = [ "network.target" ];
+      requires = [ "bitcoin-rpcpassword-key.service" ];
+      after = [ "network.target" "bitcoin-rpcpassword-key.service" ];
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
       preStart = ''
         if ! test -e ${cfg.dataDir}; then
           mkdir -m 0770 -p '${cfg.dataDir}'
           chown '${cfg.user}:${cfg.group}' '${cfg.dataDir}'
         fi
-        ln -sf '${configFile}' '${cfg.dataDir}/bitcoin.conf'
+        cp '${configFile}' '${cfg.dataDir}/bitcoin.conf'
+        echo "rpcpassword=$(cat /secrets/bitcoin-rpcpassword)" >> '${cfg.dataDir}/bitcoin.conf'
       '';
       serviceConfig = {
         Type = "simple";
@@ -212,6 +213,7 @@ in {
       name = cfg.user;
       #uid  = config.ids.uids.bitcoin;
       group = cfg.group;
+      extraGroups = [ "keys" ];
       description = "Bitcoin daemon user";
       home = cfg.dataDir;
     };
diff --git a/modules/clightning.nix b/modules/clightning.nix
index ad62bbb..a8cbb4c 100644
--- a/modules/clightning.nix
+++ b/modules/clightning.nix
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ let
     autolisten=false
     network=bitcoin
     bitcoin-rpcuser=${cfg.bitcoin-rpcuser}
-    bitcoin-rpcpassword=${cfg.bitcoin-rpcpassword}
   '';
 in {
   options.services.clightning = {
@@ -33,12 +32,6 @@ in {
         Bitcoin RPC user
       '';
     };
-    bitcoin-rpcpassword = mkOption {
-      type = types.string;
-      description = ''
-        Bitcoin RPC password
-      '';
-    };
   };
 
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
@@ -46,17 +39,21 @@ in {
         {
           description = "clightning User";
           createHome  = true;
+          extraGroups = [ "bitcoinrpc" "keys" ];
           inherit home;
       };
       systemd.services.clightning =
         { description = "Run clightningd";
-          path  = [ pkgs.clightning pkgs.bitcoin ];
+          path  = [ pkgs.bash pkgs.clightning pkgs.bitcoin ];
           wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
           requires = [ "bitcoind.service" ];
           after = [ "bitcoind.service" ];
           preStart = ''
             mkdir -p ${home}/.lightning
-            ln -sf ${configFile} ${home}/.lightning/config
+            rm -f ${home}/.lightning/config
+            cp ${configFile} ${home}/.lightning/config
+            chmod +w ${home}/.lightning/config
+            echo "bitcoin-rpcpassword=$(cat /secrets/bitcoin-rpcpassword)" >> '${home}/.lightning/config'
             '';
           serviceConfig =
             {
diff --git a/modules/nixbitcoin.nix b/modules/nixbitcoin.nix
index 3aebadf..a5ef907 100644
--- a/modules/nixbitcoin.nix
+++ b/modules/nixbitcoin.nix
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ with lib;
 
 let
   cfg = config.services.nixbitcoin;
-  secrets = import ../load-secrets.nix;
 in {
   imports =
     [
@@ -24,6 +23,8 @@ in {
   };
 
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
+    users.groups.bitcoinrpc = {};
+
     # Tor
     services.tor.enable = true;
     services.tor.client.enable = true;
@@ -40,7 +41,6 @@ in {
     services.bitcoind.proxy = config.services.tor.client.socksListenAddress;
     services.bitcoind.port = 8333;
     services.bitcoind.rpcuser = "bitcoinrpc";
-    services.bitcoind.rpcpassword = secrets.bitcoinrpcpassword;
     services.bitcoind.extraConfig = ''
       assumevalid=0000000000000000000726d186d6298b5054b9a5c49639752294b322a305d240
       addnode=ecoc5q34tmbq54wl.onion
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ in {
     # clightning
     services.clightning.enable = true;
     services.clightning.bitcoin-rpcuser = config.services.bitcoind.rpcuser;
-    services.clightning.bitcoin-rpcpassword = config.services.bitcoind.rpcpassword;
 
     # nodeinfo
     systemd.services.nodeinfo = {
diff --git a/network-vbox.nix b/network-vbox.nix
index 262d70b..ba1b5fb 100644
--- a/network-vbox.nix
+++ b/network-vbox.nix
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+let
+  secrets = import ./secrets/secrets.nix;
+in
 {
   bitcoin-node =
     { config, pkgs, ... }:
@@ -5,5 +8,11 @@
       deployment.virtualbox.memorySize = 2048; # megabytes
       deployment.virtualbox.vcpu = 2; # number of cpus
       deployment.virtualbox.headless = true;
+
+      deployment.keys.bitcoin-rpcpassword.text = secrets.bitcoinrpcpassword;
+      deployment.keys.bitcoin-rpcpassword.destDir = "/secrets/";
+      deployment.keys.bitcoin-rpcpassword.user = "bitcoin";
+      deployment.keys.bitcoin-rpcpassword.group = "bitcoinrpc";
+      deployment.keys.bitcoin-rpcpassword.permissions = "0440";
     };
 }