bpo-34271: Fix compatibility with 1.0.2 (GH-13728)

Fix various compatibility issues with LibreSSL and OpenSSL 1.0.2
introduced by bpo-34271.

Signed-off-by: Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>

Lib/ssl.py

@@ -658,12 +658,12 @@ class SSLContext(_SSLContext):
         def inner(conn, direction, version, content_type, msg_type, data):
             try:
                 version = TLSVersion(version)
-            except TypeError:
+            except ValueError:
                 pass
 
             try:
                 content_type = _TLSContentType(content_type)
-            except TypeError:
+            except ValueError:
                 pass
 
             if content_type == _TLSContentType.HEADER:
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ class SSLContext(_SSLContext):
                 msg_enum = _TLSMessageType
             try:
                 msg_type = msg_enum(msg_type)
-            except TypeError:
+            except ValueError:
                 pass
 
             return callback(conn, direction, version,